坦率地说是:“ 我们还不知道 ”:-)。但从去年到现在,至少行业内包括设备商、运营商越来越多地讨论这个问题。从国家政策层面上,中美欧日韩都在推动相关技术方面的布局,新一轮的通信技术竞赛已经开哨。
从我看过的各种演示和文档来看,似乎我们可以确定一些可能的支撑,就像我们在5G早期所做的那样,如下所示。我试着把三根柱子设置成5G。似乎前两个支柱太赫和人工智能/最大似是早期讨论中最常提到的,但我不确定第三个支柱在eMTC/URLLC的高数据率是否能成为6G的明确目标。

Teraherz/Tera bps: 在许多资料中,这个目标被描述为太赫兹。太赫兹的字面意思是指信号的载波频率在太赫兹(1000GHz)的范围内。但我更愿意把它解释为Tera bps,而不是太赫兹,因为各种文献中提出的载波频率并不总是在太赫兹的范围内。这些文件中讨论的频率范围在几百GHz或THz的范围内。 传统上, 微波频段定义为300 MHz-26.5 GHz, 毫米波频段为26.5-300 GHz, 而太赫兹频段为300-10000 GHz (10 THz). 现在比较流行的一种说法是, 0.3-30 GHz 为微波频段, 30-300 GHz 为毫米波频段,而把100-10000GHz (10 THz) 称为太赫兹频段,可以看到100-300GHz属于毫米波和太赫兹频段定义交叠区。虽然频段范围定义似乎有点模糊,但最终目标似乎是很清楚的:实现Tbps的数据传输。
对于这个最终目标现在可能还有有一些基本问题需要在这几年得到解决,否则无法实现在6G商用。将使用什么样的电子设备来实现这个目标?我们会称之为毫米波吗?还是光波?
AI人工智能/机器学习: 在6G中,人工智能/机器学习将会作为一个重要特性深入集成到无线侧和核心网络功能中。这意味着大部分网络组件应该被虚拟化,将人工智能/人工智能的灵活性应用于网络功能。
现在谈6G是不是太早了?
大约在2013年时,当我们开始研究5G时,也被问同样的问题。一些开创性组织的5G活动开始得更早。现在一些领先的5G公司早在2007年左右就开始了他们的5G研究。
“是的,如果您只对可靠/确定的3GPP规范感兴趣,现在还为时过早”。我认为在R18或更高版本(可能在2026年左右或更高版本)之前,您不会在3GPP中看到太多正式活动)。
然而,如果你有兴趣观察一项新技术是如何形成和发展并最终转化为可商用的产品的整个过程,没有什么是太早的。对我来说,发掘从最早期的概念开始, 贯穿整个发展过程中的一些规律性东西是非常有吸引力的。
物理层/媒体访问控制层演进路径
在我写技术日记的时候,我会写下一些技术理解和我的学习过程。有时候不一定是非常技术性的..只是作为我学习过程的一个小备忘录。
[ 2019年7月 ]
- 目前(2019年7月)我写的内容是基于6G物理层将基于太赫兹(THz)技术的假设。
- 目前讨论的THz实现有两种主要技术。一种是基于光学的,另一种是基于电子学的,但是很有可能采用基于电子学的技术(至少对于移动终端和基站之间的通信来说)。 .
- 实现太赫兹通信还有许多关键技术选项,但首要的是基于应用的晶体管。然后需要确认发射源(振荡器)、混频器、功率放大器是否可用于太赫兹通信。我目前还不是这方面的专家,所以无法分享这方面的最新信息。如果你有兴趣,你可以从参考文献[11]作为开始,并阅读那里列出的参考资料。它发表于2011年,所以我认为现在(2019年7月)相关技术已比那时已经成熟得多了。
- 一旦基本元器件(如信号源、混频器、放大器等)得到开发和商业化,一些领先的测试设备供应商就会推出信号发生器和分析仪。然后,业界或学术界将开始研究目标频率的物理信道特性。5G几年前就是这样发展过来的。
- 这种物理信道特性和传播模型的结果将是决定所选技术是否可用于新通信技术的关键一步。一旦确定使用该技术可行,您就可以开始听到物理层协议问题的相关可能概念,如波形、调制方案、帧结构等。
- 信道建模:在5G研究之后,NYU无线在这一领域做着开创性的工作。他们已经开始对此进行研究,并分享了一段时间的研究成果。有兴趣可查看NYU无线/纽约大学的网站NYU Wireless / NYUSIM site。
- 太赫兹通信系统的媒体接入控制(MAC):即使LTE和5G在媒体接入控制层(MAC)上有一些细节上的变化,但LTE和5G/NR的基本机制几乎是相同的。但是,与传统的蜂窝技术(例如,LTE,5G NR)相比,太赫兹MAC层可能会发生巨大的变化,因为太赫兹通信中的物理层特性会有很大的不同。到目前为止,我没有看到任何具体的建议或规范,但我建议你从这份调查报告(Ref [15]) 开始 。如果您对协议侧(而不是物理层硬件实现)感兴趣,这是一个很好的开始。
[ 2019年8月 ]
- 这个月,我的研究主要集中在阅读机器学习在这个领域的应用论文。起初,我以为机器学习将主要用于核心网络优化,但后来我了解到,在无线通信的物理层过程的应用方面已经进行了大量的研究(例如,调制方案的检测、自动编码器等),见参考文献[19]~[26]。我个人建议你从Ref [26]开始,选择一个你感兴趣的具体方向。 .
[ 2019年11月 ]
- 我有看到 在 Teranova 项目中有定义相关太赫物理层规范,这和我们在早期5G研究中的METIS规范情形类似。正如我们后来看到的METIS规范和最终的3GPP规范之间的差异,不确定最终的行业规范(3GPP)会采用多少早期规范,但至少对太赫兹PHY/MAC的整体推进是有好处的。
- 在2019年,我看到越来越多的关于将机器学习应用于无线PHY层的论文,尤其是信号检测、调制检测 ([31],[32],[33])。
- 6G Summits
- 6G FLAGSHIP
- Teranova
- mmWaveCoalition
- NYU Wireless/ NYUSIM: The Open Source 5G and 6G Channel Model Simulator software
- TERAHERTZ INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS GROUP
- 6G Wireless Summit – Levi Lapland Finland – Mar 2019
- IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China 11-13 August 2019 // Changchun, China
以下是主要面向公众的文章列表。 5G就要开始部署了(从2020年1月开始) ,如果你还认为现在谈论6G还为时过早,不妨查看关于5G的文章列表,看看他们是多早开始讨论5G的。虽然不是很专业,但是我发现观察公众舆论是如何形成的,新技术是如何计划和发展的过程很有趣。
- Beyond 5G: The Roadmap to 6G and beyond (Jul 4, 2017)
- With 5G Still in the Works, 6G Is Already Taking Shape (Apr 19,2018)
- Get ready for upcoming 6G wireless, too (Jun 28, 2018)
- What Will 6G Be? (Jun 29, 2918)
- Get ready for 6G mobile networks: 1Tbps speeds, microsecond latency and AI optimisation (Sep 2018)
- Forget 5G, China is working on 6G – but what does it do? (Nov 16. 2018)
- It’s Officially Time to Start Talking About 6G (Mar 15, 2019)
- FCC opens up experimental spectrum licenses for 6G (Mar 15, 2019)
- The United States Launched 6G Research And Development. The FCC Announced The 6G Test Frequency Band. (Mar 16,2019)
- THE FCC CLEARS EXPERIMENTAL FREQUENCIES TO PAVE WAY FOR 6G (Mar 17, 2019)
- Why 6G research is starting before we have 5G (Mar 21, 2019)
- Towards 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies (Mar 28,2019)
- Ready for 6G? How AI will shape the network of the future (Apr 19,2019)
- Do we need 6G wireless already? 5G engineers debate (Apr 25,2019)
- It’s Never Too Early to Think About 6G (May 22,2019)
- Samsung kicks off 6G research (Jun 5,2019)
- Forget 5G: Samsung Is Already Working on 6G (Jun 5,2019)
- Samsung spurs R&D efforts for 6G before 5G becomes mainstream (Jun 4, 2019)
- Researchers say 6G will stream human brain-caliber AI to wireless devices (Jun 14, 2019)
- 6G: What It Is & When to Expect It (Jun 17, 2019)
- A glimpse into the future? Report predicts 6G features (Jun 17, 2019)
- 6G technology market revealed by Mind Commerce (Jun 18, 2019)
- The race for 6G mobile technology is already on (Jun 18, 2019)
- 6G to Support Micro-second Latency for Better Sensing, Imaging, Presence and Location Capabilities, says Mind Commerce (Jun 19, 2019)
- Setting the Stage for U.S. Leadership in 6G (Aug 13,2019)
- Test and Measurement: Keysight sets sights on 6G(Aug 23, 2019)
- Huawei CEO says it’s working on 6G — but the technology is still some 10 years off (Sep 26,2019)
- Huawei started research on 6G ‘a long time ago’, CEO says (Sep 30, 2019)
- 6G: What It Is & When to Expect It (Oct 1, 2019)
- 6G: Building tomorrow’s wireless tech beyond 100 GHz (Oct 4,2019)
- Beyond 5G: Sony, NTT and Intel to form 6G partnership (Oct 31, 2019)
- China starts development of 6G, having just turned on its 5G mobile network (Nov 7,2019)
- China kicks off work on 6G research, state media say (Nov 7,2019)
- Japan to develop strategy for 6G wireless communication networks expected around 2030 (Jan 2020)
- Japan already developing a plan for 6G (Jan 2020)
- Docomo targets 2030 6G launch (Jan 2020)
- Docomo says 6G will bring AI everywhere, deliver ‘extreme’ performance (Jan 2020)
- 6G and the reinvention of mobile (Jan 2020)
- NTT DoCoMo declares what 6G should be all about (Jan 2020)
- 6G: the Wireless Communications Network for Collaborative and AI Applications (Apr 2019)
- Towards 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies (Mar 2019)
- Wireless Communications and Applications Above 100 GHz: Opportunities and Challenges for 6G and Beyond (Feb 2019)
- Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Cellular Networks : A Critical Path to Beyond-5G and 6G (Jul 2019)
- 6G: The Next Frontier (May 2019)
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Keynote Session
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Qi Bi, China Telecom
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Tanbir Haque, InterDigital: Air-interfaces for ultra-low power comms
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Ian Oppermann, NSW Data Analytics Centre
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Fan Chen, ZTE
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Eric Hardouin, Orange Labs
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Kwon Dong Seung, ETRI: What is beyond hyper-connectivity?
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Juho Lee, Samsung Electronics
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | 6G Flagship Views on 6G Challenges
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Zhisheng Niu, Tsinghua University: MEET for 6G
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Henning Schulzrinne, Columbia University
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Magnus Frodigh, Ericsson
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Takehiro Nakamura, NTT DOCOMO
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Rahim Tafazolli, University of Surrey: What is Next?
- 1st 6G Wireless Summit | Bernard Barani, EU Commission
- Introduction to Terahertz (THz) Technology and Applications (2019)
- Introduction to Terahertz (THz) Technology and Applications (Part II) (2019)
- New Frontiers in Terahertz Technology (2019)
- The TERAPOD Project- Demonstration of Terahertz Ultra High Bandwidth Wireless Communication (2019)
- Future Wireless Technologies: mmWave, THz, & Beyond – mmWave Coalition – Ted Rappaport (2018)
- Channel Characteristics for Terahertz Wireless Communications (2018)
- Wireless Above 100GHz (2018)
- Circuits: Terahertz (THz) and Beyond – NYU Wireless Live Stream (2018)
- M. Bonn – Graphene in the (Terahertz) Microwave (2018)
- World of Terahertz Technology, P. U. Jepsen (2018)
- Mona Jarahhi: Development of terahertz devices opens doors for numerous applications (2017)
- Colloquium: Mona Jarrahi (2017)
- Ultra-broadband Wireless Communications in the 0.1-10 Terahertz Band (2017)
- Millimeter-wave and Terahertz Integrated Circuits in Silicon Technologies: Challenges and Solutions (2017)
- “Materials Solutions for Terahertz Technology”, Gintaras Valusis | Open Readings 2016 (2016)
- Terahertz Electronics for Sensing Applications (2014)
- Active Terahertz and High-Frequency Electronics (2013)
- Terahertz Basics with Dr. David Daughton (2013)
- Introduction to Terahertz Lecture Part 1 (2013)
- Introduction to Terahertz Lecture Part 2(2013)
- Introduction Terahertz Lecture Part 3 (2013)
- Innovations using terahertz waves (2012)
- Finland’s 6G vision for 2030 (2019)
- Why all the 6G wireless talk before we even have 5G? (2019)
- What Comes After 5G? | Unveiled
- China is now working on 6G networks!
- Tech Rant: Will 6G Destroy Human Society?
- Configuring MIMO Communication Links with Machine Learning
- Opportunistic Beam Training with Hybrid Analog/Digital Codebooks for mmWave Systems
[1] How TeraHertz Technology Will Change The World Of Wireless Communication ?
[2] An overview of integrated THz electronics for communication applications
[3] Terahertz Waves for Communications and Sensing
[4] A Perspective on Terahertz Next-Generation Wireless Communications (2019)
[5] Tuning to Terahertz Electronics (2015)
[7] Terahertz electronics: The last frontier (2014)
[8] A New Technology for Terahertz Electronics (2003)
[9] Joint Lab THz Components & Systems
[10] Terahertz breakthrough allows for ultrafast wireless communications (2015)
[11] Last Meter Indoor Terahertz Wireless Access:Performance Insights and Implementation Roadmap (2018)
[12] Compact Terahertz Reciever for Short-range Wireless Communications of Tens of Gbps (2017)
[13] Micro- and nano-scale Terahertz Band Communications
[14] Terahertz (THz) Wireless Systems for Space Applications (2019)
[15] MAC Protocols for Terahertz Communication: A Comprehensive Survey (2019)
[16] Advances in THz Wireless Communications (2017)
[17] How AI is Starting to Influence Wireless Communications
[18] The 5G Future Will Be Powered By AI (2019)
[19] DeepSig: Deep Learning for Wireless Communications
[20] Deep Architectures for Modulation Recognition (2017)
[21] Physical Layer Communications System Design Over-the-Air Using Adversarial Networks (2018)
[22] Deep Learning-Based Communication Over the Air (2017)
[23] Deep Learning-Based Channel Estimation (2019)
[24] “Machine LLRning”: Learning to Softly Demodulate (2019)
[25] ORACLE: Optimized Radio clAssification through Convolutional neuraL Networks (2019)
[26] Deep Learning in Mobile and Wireless Networking:A Survey (2019)
[27] Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems (2019)
[28] A Speculative Study on 6G (2019)
[29] 6G Wireless Communications: Vision and Potential Techniques (2019)
[30] The Roadmap to 6G – AI Empowered Wireless Networks (2019)
[31] A Deep Learning Framework for Signal Detection and Modulation Classification (2019)
[32] Fast Deep Learning for Automatic Modulation Classification (2019)
[33] Automatic Modulation Recognition Using Deep Learning Architectures
[34] Deep Learning for Physical-Layer 5G Wireless Techniques: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions (2019)
[35] 6G Wireless Communication Systems: Applications,Requirements, Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions (2019)
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